Pulmonary Embolism

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Diagnosis
  • Secondary to the very non-specific and variable signs and symptoms of a PE, the diagnosis is often difficult
  • The importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment can not be overstated as it reduces mortality
  • The gold standard test for pulmonary embolism is pulmonary angiography
  • Percutaneous access is usually via the femoral vein
  • Contrast dye is injected and a filling defect is observed radiographically
    • Unfortunately this test is not available at all institutions, and not at all in the back of an ambulance
    • It is an invasive test with associated risk factors
  • Complications of angiography are increased in the elderly population
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