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Moving onto the detailed physical exam, or focused physical exam, you can then complete a through exam of the eyes. Patient cooperation and compliance are essential to a thorough eye exam. First note the position and spacing of the eyes. If applicable and non-threatening to the situation, a bystander who is familiar with the patient can be useful. The overall “rapid” eye assessment begins with eye color, appearance of the sclera and conjunctiva and condition of the eyelids. A more detailed physical exam may include but not be limited to:
- Deformity of any part of the eye
- Testing for pupillary size
- The mnemonic PERRLA (Pupils, Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Acuity can be used
- Testing for ocular motor moments – up/down & left/right
- Field sight test – How many fingers do I have up? [12]
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