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Opioids act upon the central nervous system (CNS) by stimulating the endogenous opiate receptors causing a decreased sensation of pain and a feeling of euphoria. Opiates can enter the body by a variety of means including ingestion, absorption, inhalation, (smoked) or injected. The CNS effects act to decrease the perception of pain, decrease the patient’s reaction to pain or to increase the tolerance to pain.
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